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Unknown cosmonauts
Unknown cosmonauts
On the 12th of April, 1961 a dream of many generations of scientists came true: the first in the mankind manned space flight was realized. It took our first cosmonaut Yury Gagarin 108 minutes to fly round the Earth. People all over the world have followed with great interest the flight of Yury Gagarin. He became the first world cosmonaut.
Was Gagarin the only one man who could travel into space? There were many pilots as strong and brave as Gagarin…
After launching the first artificial Earth satellites it was clear that our country has created all the necessary scientific programs for manned space flight.
In May 1958 S. P. Korolev decided to create a heavy satellite.
One year later it was announced about medical selection of candidates for future cosmonauts. The candidate must be under 35 years old, his height must be not more than 1.75m. Weight is about 75 kg Special groups of doctors went to air force units. They looked through the medical documents of 3.000 people. After the interview doctors chose only 347 pilots. Candidates didn’t know about the real aim of the interview. They knew that they could test a new plane but they didn’t know about the spaceship. Then they went to Moscow where they were tested too. The tests were very hard and difficult.
In addition to various tests and inspections of the candidates they were subjected to the "pull-test”. They were kept in chamber, spun in centrifuge, checked the body’s resistance to hypoxia and overloads. The psycho-physiological examination was successfully passed by only 29 people. They became finalists.
In March, 1960 only 20 pilots arrived to the Training Center to became cosmonauts. The groups started training immediately after they were formed. Gagarin was in the first group. He trained together with V. Bykovsky, G. Nelyubov, A. Nikolaev, P. Popovich and G. Titov. The special commission chose Y. Gagarin. Here some words that special commission wrote about Gagarine, chosen to fly to space: "… He is allocated by boundless self-control trainings transfers easily, works productively. He has got pure soul. He is polite and accurate. He likes to repeat: "As you taught!” He is modest. He has got a good memory and attention. His reaction is fast. He knows mechanics and higher mathematics very well. He seems to know life much better than his friends…”
Gagarin’s back-up man was G. Titov. Gagarin flew into space on board the ship "Vostok” in April, 1961. He spent 108 minutes into space and became a hero. Five months later G. Titov spent 25 hours there on board the spaceship Vostok-2. Since 1962 the group flights of cosmonauts have been held. The exploration of space went on at high rates. During few years the mankind learned much more about space than for centuries.
At present Russia has three groups of cosmonauts with 20 people in each. Cosmonauts are consistly being trained at the training center in the Star City; however the first group that included Yury Gagarin will remain in history for ever.
We want to say thank you to pilots, designers, doctors, workers and all unknown heroes of our space victory in 1961.
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